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（一）

英譯漢

Japan\\'s once enviable jobless rate will soar to double-digit levels if—ａｎｄ　the warning is a big one—firms opt for drastic Western-style layoffs to boost profits. While Japan\\'s life-time employment system is visibly unravelling, many economists still doubt whether a scenario of soaring joblessness will occur, given that economic incentives to slash payrolls clash with social ａｎｄ　political pressures to save jobs. A kinder, gentler approach to restructuring would soften the social instability many fear would result from doubling the jobless rate, already at a record high.

Critics believe it would also cap gains in profit margins ａｎｄ　stifle economic vitality, especially in the absence of bold steps to open the doｏｒto new growth, industries. Some economists believe different methods of counting mean Japan\\'s jobless rate is already close to 7 per cent by United States standards, not that far from the 7.8 per cent peak hit in the US in 1992 when it began to emerge from a two-year slump.

【參考譯文】

如果日本各公司效仿西方國家，通過大幅度裁員來增加利潤，日本一度令人羨慕的低失業率將飆升至兩位數, 目前形式已經十分嚴峻。日本的終生雇傭制度明顯正在解體, 但是刺激經濟需要裁員, 而社會和政治上卻要求保留工作崗位，兩者互相沖突，因而許多經濟學家仍無法斷定日本是否會出現失業率急劇上升的局面。許多人擔心失業率已經達到歷史最高點，如果再增長一倍，就會導致社會不安定，因而以較為溫和的方式調整經濟,才可以緩解這個問題。評論家們認為這還會限制利潤增長，抑制經濟活力，如果不去大膽采取措施引進增長型產業，情況會更糟。一些經濟學家認為，用不同的方法計算，按照美國標準，日本的失業率已接近7%，與1992年美國7.8%的最高失業率相去不遠，而當時美國已開始走出兩年的經濟衰退期。

（二）

漢譯英

黃浦江縱橫南北，把上海分為兩部分。浦東因位于黃浦江以東而得名。本世紀20—30年代，隨著以外灘為核心的金融、商貿區的建立，外商和我國民族資本事開始把經濟活動伸向浦東地區。但黃浦江的阻隔，極大地影響了浦東的經濟發展。浦江兩岸形成了一邊，是萬商云集的十里洋場，一邊是以自然農作物為主的大片農田的鮮明對照。

自1990年中央宣布開放浦東以來，浦東新區的建設日新月異，突飛猛進。高樓大廈如雨后春筍，拔地而起，田園風光和現代建筑交相輝映，浦東正以嶄新的面貌跨人新世紀。

【參考譯文】

The Huangpu River flows across Shanghai from north to south, dividing the city into two parts. Historically, Pudong got its name from its location on the east bank of the Huangpu Priver. In the 20’s ａｎｄ　the 30’s of this century when the finance ａｎｄ　Business trade district with the Bund as its center was established, foreign businessmen ａｎｄ　Chinese national capitalists began to extend their economic activities to the Pudong area. However, inconvenient transportation occasioned by river crossing greatly affected the economic development of Pudong. There was a striking contrast between the long stretch of foreign concessions frequented by thousands of merchants on one side of the Huangpr River ａｎｄ　the vast patch of natural crops on the other side譯文：Since 1990 when the Central Government announced the opening up ａｎｄ　development of Pudong, the Pudong New Area has witnessed dramatic changes ａｎｄ　rapid development.High-rises have mushroomed, combining idyllic scenery ａｎｄ　modern building, which brings a brand-new Pudong into the new century.

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