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（一）

英譯漢

Since Darwin, biologists have been-firmly convinced that nature works without plan ｏｒmeaning, pursuing no aim by the direct road of design. But today we see that this conviction is a fatal error. Why should evolution, exactly as Darwin knew it ａｎｄ　described it, be planless ａｎｄ　irrational? Do not aircraft design engineers work, at precisely that point where specific calculations ａｎｄ　plans give out, according to the same principle of evolution, when they test the serviceability of a great number of statistically determined forms in the wind tunnel, in ｏｒｃｅｒto choose the one that functions best? Can we say that there is no process of natural selection when nuclear physicists, through thousands of computer operations, try to find out which materials, in which combinations ａｎｄ　with what structural form, are best suited to the building of an atomic reactor? They also practise no designed adaptation, but work by the principle of selection. But it would never occur to anyone to call their method planless ａｎｄ　irrational.

【參考譯文】

達爾文以后的生物學家們一直相信，大自然的運行是沒有計劃沒有意義的，不會按照預先設定的途徑實現任何目的。但是，今天我們知道，這一看法是個嚴重的錯誤。為什么恰如達爾文所理解和描述的那樣，進化就該是無計劃和無理性的呢?飛機設計師們利用風洞檢測根據統計數據制造的大量機體模型的耐用性能，在具體運算和計劃不起作用的情況下，為選出功能最佳的設計，他們不也正是根據同樣的進化原理進行工作的嗎?核物理學家經過上萬次的計算機運算，試圖找出哪些材料，以怎樣的結合方式，以及什么結構形式最適宜用于建造原子核反應堆，我們能夠說這中間沒有自然選擇的過程么?他們進行的適應性調節也未經過事先設計，而是根據選擇原理進行的。但是人們從未認為這種方法是無計劃、無理性的。

（二）

漢譯英

1995年10月，黃浦江上又一座大橋凌空飛架，將浦南與奉賢連接起來，成為繼徐浦、南浦、楊浦三座大橋之后建成通車的第四座大橋——奉浦大橋。

奉浦大橋是首座由地方籌資興建的黃浦江大橋，奉賢縣與市區有關部門和企業共同集資4.46億元，僅用1年零7個月的時間即勝利建成。大橋的建成解決了長期困擾奉賢與浦南地區的過江問題，同時還改善了該地區的投資環境，為杭州灣北岸的開發、建設打下了良好的基礎。

金秋10月的黃浦江畔，徐浦、南浦、楊捕、奉浦四座大橋沐浴著金秋陽光，各顯神姿，交相輝映，為上海這座充滿生機與魅力的國際大都市增添了更加奪目的風采。不久的將來，上海還將建造更多的過江設施，把浦江兩岸更緊密地連結在一起。

【參考譯文】

In October 1995, another bridge flew to span the Huangpu River, connecting Punan with Fengxian. It is Fengpu Bridge, the fourth bridge over the river open to traffic after the Xupu, Nanpu ａｎｄ　Yangpu Bridge.Completed in 19 months, Fengpu Bridge is the first locally financed bridge over the river, with the funds of 446 million yuan raised by Fengxian County ａｎｄ　departments ａｎｄ　enterprises concerned in the municipal government. The completion of the bridge has solved the chronic problem of crossing the Huangpu River that bothered the residents in Fengxian ａｎｄ　Punan ａｎｄ　also improved the investment environment, which lays (thus laying) a solid foundation fｏｒthe construction ａｎｄ　development on the north bank of the Hangzhou Bay.

In the golder autumn of October, the Xupu, Nanpu, Yangpu.ａｎｄ　Fengpu Bridges over the Huangpu River, bathed in the golden sunshine, show the disyinctive features and enhance each other’s magnificance, adding (which adds) more luster to Shanghai, a cosmopolis that is full of charm ａｎｄ　vitality. In the near future, more cross-river facilities will be built in Shanghai to link closely areas on the two banks of the Huangpu River.

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