2019年MBA考試《英語》考試共48題，分為英譯漢和寫作和完形填空和閱讀理解A和閱讀理解B。小編為您整理第六章 短文翻譯5道練習題，附答案解析，供您備考練習。

1、

    An Asian engineer is assigned to a U.S. laboratory and almost suffers a nervous breakdown. A U.S. executive tells his staff he's going to treat them fairly—and creates dissension. A Japanese manager is promoted by his American president, but within six months asks for a transfer. Each of these real-life cases involved people who were regarded as superior employees, but were ill-equipped to cope with the complexities and dangers of intercultural management. 

    "Multinational companies have studied everything else, now they're finally looking at culture", says Clifford Clarke, founder and president of the California-based IRI International Inc. "Never show the shoe to an Arab, never arrive in time for a party in Brazil, and in Japan, don't think ‘yes' means ‘yes'," advise U.S. consultants Lennie Copland and Lewis Brown Griggs, who have produced a series of films and a book to help managers improve their international business skills. But simply learning the social "do's" and "don'ts" is not the answer, according to the new culture specialists. The penalties for ignoring different thinking patterns, they point out, can be disastrous.

答案解析:       一個亞洲工程師被派到美國的實驗室后精神幾乎崩潰。一個美國經理告訴他的員工自己將公平對待他們，而這卻導致了沖突。一個日本經理獲得了美國總裁的提升，但不到六個月就要求調任。這些實際生活中的例子涉及到了那些被認為是高級雇員的人，這些人沒有準備好去處理跨文化管理中的復雜性及危險性。
       總部位于加利福尼亞的IRI國際公司創始人兼總裁Clifford Clarke指出，國際化公司已研究了其他方面，現在他們終于開始正視文化方面了。美國顧問Lennie Copland和Lewis Brown Griggs建議：決不要向阿拉伯人展示鞋，在巴西參加聚會決不要按時到，在日本不要認為yes就是同意。這些顧問拍攝了一系列短片，并寫了一本書以幫助經理們提高他們的國際化經營管理技能。據新文化專家說，僅僅學習社交場合中“應該做什么”和“不應該做什么”不是解決之道。他們指出忽視不同的思維方式，懲罰后果會很嚴重。

2、

   Think this way, it’s your inability to resist cheesecake that’s making it tough to fit into your skinny jeans? Well, a new study shows your bacteria may share some of the blame. 

    Because the new study in mice reveals that the response of intestinal microbes to a high-fat diet ends up triggering the release of a hormone that makes mammals feel hungry, causing them to eat even more. The finding is served up in the journal Nature.

    Previous work has shown that the types of bacteria in the gut in diabetic or obese individuals are different from the bacteria in healthy people. But does this bacterial makeup contribute to these disorders? Or is it just a side effect?

    To unravel this mystery, researchers put mice on a high-fat diet. As a result, the animals experienced a buildup of a chemical called acetate (醋酸鹽), particularly in the large intestine(腸).

答案解析:      設想一下，你很難穿上緊身牛仔褲是因為你無法抗拒奶酪蛋糕嗎？其實，你體內的細菌可能要承擔部分責任。
      一項在小鼠身上進行的新研究表明，腸道細菌對高脂肪飲食的反應會最終引發荷爾蒙的釋放，使哺乳動物感到饑餓，吃的更多。該項發現已經刊登在《自然》雜志上。
      此前的研究表明，糖尿病患者或者肥胖群體腸道中的細菌類型與健康人的不同。但是這種細菌組成會導致這些疾病嗎？還是只是一種副作用？
      為了解開這個謎團，研究人員讓小鼠施用高脂肪飲食，結果發現醋酸酯這種化學物質在這些動物體內，特別是在大腸中，積累起來。

3、    Climate change is a global issue of common concern to the international community. In recent years, worldwide heat waves, droughts, floods and other extreme climate events have occurred frequently, making the impact of climate change increasingly prominent. It has become a main world trend that all countries join hands to respond to climate change and promote green and low-carbon development.
    China is the world's largest developing country, with a large population, insufficient energy resources, complex climate and fragile eco-environment. It has not yet completed the historical task of industrialization and urbanization and its development is unbalanced. China's per-capita GDP in 2010 was only a little more than RMB 29,000. By the UN standard, China still has a poverty-stricken population of over 100 million, thus it faces an extremely arduous task in developing its economy, eliminating poverty and improving the people's livelihood. In the meantime, China is one of the countries most vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change. 【英譯漢】

答案解析:       對于國際社會來講，氣候變化是個普遍關注的全球性問題。近年來，全球性熱浪、干旱、洪水以及其他極端氣候事件頻頻發生，使得氣候變化的影響變得越來越突出。世界各國攜手共同應對氣候變化并促進綠色與低碳事業發展，已成為世界上的一個主流趨勢。
       中國是世界上最大的發展中國家，人口眾多，能源不足，氣候復雜，生態環境脆弱。迄今尚未完成工業化與城市化的歷史任務，并且發展也不均衡。中國在2010年的人均GDP僅僅是2萬9千多人民幣。根據聯合國的貧困標準，中國仍有1億多的貧困人口，因此，中國在發展經濟、消除貧困以及改善民生方面面臨的任務極為艱巨。同時，中國還是最容易遭受氣候變化負作用影響的國家之一。

4、    We did not care whether Benjamin succeeded in inserting the key into the slot. He was having a good time and was exploring, two activities that did matter to us.
    But the critical point was that, in the process，we were trying to teach Benjamin that one can solve a problem effectively by oneself. Such self-reliance is a principal value of child rearing in middle-class America. So long as the child is shown how to do something - whether it be placing a key in a key slot, or making up for a misdeed - he is less likely to figure out himself how to accomplish such a task. And，more generally，he is less likely to view life — as Americans do - as a series of situations in which one has to learn to think for himself, to solve problems on one's own and even to discover new problems for which creative solutions are wanted.【英譯漢】

答案解析:      我們并不在意本杰明能不能把鑰匙塞進鑰匙的槽口。他玩得很開心，而且在探索，這兩點才是我們真正看重的。
      但關鍵在于，在這個過程中，我們試圖讓本杰明懂得，一個人是能夠很好地解決問題的。這種自力更生的精神是美國中產階級最重要的一條育兒觀。只要我們向孩子演示如何做某件事情——把鑰匙塞進鑰匙槽口也好，或是彌補某種錯誤行為也好——那他就不太可能自己想方設法去完成這件事。從更廣泛的意義上說，他就不太可能——如美國人那樣——將人生視為一系列的情境，在這些情境中，一個人必須學會獨立思考，學會獨立解決問題，進而學會發現需要創造性地加以解決的新問題。

5、

    Primary socialization refers to the training of children during their earliest years, whereas secondary socialization refers to later influences on the development of the child's personality and learning activities, such as his involvement with teachers and with other children at school. Primary socialization is in most societies carried out essentially within the family as part of child rearing. In the modern family, parents take responsibility for raising and teaching their children such basic things as language and correct behavior. Toilet training, teaching children how to eat correctly, and encouraging children to get along with others are all aspects of child rearing.

    However, it is not only these more mundane aspects of behavior that children learn. Children are also implicitly encouraged to develop the values of the parents and of the society in which they live. In American society, which was Parson's main concern, these values include independence, motivation for achievement, and competition. In other societies, different values, such as cooperation and egalitarianism, may be stressed. Yet the principle behind primary socialization in different societies is the same: the development of social values must be achieved in an environment of love and security, as is found in the ideal family anywhere in the world.

答案解析:        初級社會化指的是兒童早期的訓練，中級社會化關注的是對兒童人格發展和學習活動的影響，比如說他們在學校和老師，同學的交往。初始社會化在大多數社會中是通過家庭扶養完成的。在現代家庭中，父母扶養和教育子女一些最基礎的東西，比如語言，正確的行為。扶養子女包括教孩子用廁所，正確地吃東西，鼓勵孩子和別人相處等等。
        然而兒童不僅是在這些平凡的事情中學習。他們也潛移默化地學會大人對社會價值的看法。在Parson所關注的美國社會，這些價值觀包括獨立，進取，和競爭。另外的社會可能會強調不同的觀念，比如合作，平等。然而，在不同社會，初級社會化背后的準則卻是一樣的：社會價值觀的培養必須在一個充滿愛和安全感的環境中進行，世界上任何一個完美的家庭都創造了這樣的一種環境。