小伙伴們，托業考試大家復習的怎么樣了呢？下面是幫考網分享的一些托業考試閱讀部分的復習資料，一起來看看吧！

一、巴西監獄系統近期推出一項減刑新規，讀一本書減四天刑。這項新規將在巴西四所聯邦監獄實行，服刑人員如果能在一年內讀完12本文學、哲學、科學或者經典類著作，便可獲得最高48天的減刑。據新規規定，服刑人員讀一本書的時限為四周，讀完之后還需提交一份“語言通順、文法正確、字跡清晰”的論文。然后由一個特別評估小組來決定哪些服刑人員能夠加入“讀書救贖”計劃。

Brazil will offer inmates in its crowded federal penitentiary system a novel way to shorten their sentences: four days less for every book they read.

Inmates in four federal prisons holding some of Brazil\\'s most notorious criminals will be able to read up to 12 works of literature, philosophy, science or classics to trim a maximum 48 days off their sentence each year, the government announced.

Prisoners will have up to four weeks to read each book and write an essay which must "make correct use of paragraphs, be free of corrections, use margins and legible joined-up writing," said the notice published on Monday in the official gazette.

A special panel will decide which inmates are eligible to participate in the program dubbed "Redemption through Reading".

"A person can leave prison more enlightened and with an enlarged vision of the world," said Sao Paulo lawyer Andre Kehdi, who heads a book donation project for prisons.

"Without doubt they will leave a better person," he said.

二、Most of us are familiar with calluses.

These extra-tough patches of skin are generally quite useful–we might even say handy–because they act like a kind of natural armor, protecting areas of skin that get an unusual amount of wear and tear. Have you ever wondered exactly what a callus is, or how it forms on your skin?

Callus formation is triggered by pressure or abrasion. The heel of your foot as it rubs inside your shoe, or the palm of your hand if you’re doing a lot of manual labor are good examples of this.

While it might feel like a callus is something extra, added to your skin, it’s actually just a build-up of what’s already there.

Here’s How It Works

Your skin has a number of layers of different types of cells.

The outermost is a layer of hardened, dead cells. This top layer is usually about twenty-five cells thick, and it constantly replaces itself as the outermost cells flake off to be replaced by new hardened, dead cells underneath.

All About Friction

If your skin is subject to an unusual amount of friction, this layer of dead cells increases. New dead cells are added faster than the old ones slough away. This can build up the outer layer from twenty-five cells thick to over a hundred cells thick. You’ve grown a callus.

While calluses are generally useful, if the process continues unchecked a callus can thicken into a cone-shaped structure called a corn. These super calluses can be quite painful, and may require the attention of a doctor.

譯文

對于“老繭”，我們都很熟悉。

這些皮膚上突出的硬皮是很有用的，也可以說是方便，因為他們扮演著保護常磨損皮膚的天然盔甲的角色。你是否思考過什么是老繭?他又是怎樣形成的?

老繭是由壓力和摩擦而形成。腳后跟的繭是由其在鞋里摩擦而形成，正如手繭是在大量的勞動過程中形成。

盡管看起來似乎是皮膚上多出的部分，然而事實是已經存在的皮膚角質的累積。

形成過程

皮膚是由若干層不同類型的皮膚構成。

表層是一些壞死的硬細胞，通常有25個細胞那么厚，表層細胞不斷的脫落，取而代之的是下層硬的壞死細胞，由此而完成自我更替過程。

一切皆由摩擦引起。

假如皮膚受到不尋常量的摩擦，這層壞死細胞將會增加，新的壞死細胞增長速度比舊細胞脫落的速度快，這就致使皮膚表層的厚度增加到100個細胞那么厚，由此，老繭便形成。

雖然一般來講，繭是有益的，但如不控制其過程，老繭厚度就會增加到被稱作雞眼的錐形結構，那樣就會很疼，甚至需要去看醫生。

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