2019年職稱英語考試《綜合類》考試共65題，分為單選題。小編為您整理歷年真題10道，附答案解析，供您考前自測提升！

1、Why Is the Native Language Learnt So Well?
How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well? When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language, we often find this interesting fact. A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers, in most case, may end up with a faulty and inexact command. What accounts for this difference?
Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behavior of the people around him. In the first place, the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favorable of all, namely, the first years of life. A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, what is more important, always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, and right use of words and right structure. He drinks in all the words and expressions, which come to him in a flash, ever-bubbling spring. There is no resistance: there is perfect assimilation.
Then the child has, as it were, private lessons all the year round, while an adult language-student has each week a limited number of hours, which he generally shares with others. The child has another advantage: he hears the language in all possible situations, always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expressions. Here there is nothing unnatural, such as is often found in language lessons in schools, when one talks about ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January. And what a child hears is generally what immediately interests him. Again and again, when his attempts at speech are successful, his desires are understood and fulfilled.
Finally, though a child＇s "teachers" may not have been trained in language teaching, their relations with him are always close and personal. They take great pains to make their lessons easy.
So far as language is concerned, the teacher’s close personal relationship with the student is more important than the professional language teaching training he has received.
【單選題】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

正確答案:C

答案解析:題干大意：就語言教學而言，教師與學生的親密關系比學生接受的專門培訓更重要。文章最后一段提到了“教師”，但只是提到：“教師”與學生的關系是親密的，而題干的說法與原文并不矛盾，所以該問題句的信息在文章中“沒提到”。

2、Fermi Problem
On a Monday morning in July, the world＇s first atom bomb exploded in the New Mexico desert, Forty seconds later, the shook waves reached the base camp where the Italian-American physicist Enrico Fezmi and his team stood. After a mental calculation, Fermi announced to his team that the bomb＇s energy had equated 10,000 tons of TNT. The bomb team was impressed, but not surprised. Fermi＇s genius was known throughout the scientific world. In 1938 he had won a Nobel Prize. Four years later he produced the first nuclear chain reaction, leading us into the nuclear age. Since Fermi＇s death in 1954, no physicist has been at once a master experimentalist and a leading theoretician.
Like all virtuosos (大師), Fermi had a distinctive style. He preferred the most direct route to an answer. He was very good at dividing difficult problems into small, manageable bits talent we all can use in our daily lives.
To develop this talent in his students, Fermi would suggest a type of question now known as a Fermi problem. Upon first hearing one of these, you haven＇t the remotest notion of the answer, and you feel certain that too little information had been given to solve it, Yet when the problem is broken into sub-problems, each answerable without the help of expert. s or books, you can come close to the exact solution.
Suppose you want to determine Earth＇s circumference without looking it up. Everyone knows that New York and Los Angeles are about 3,000 miles apart and that the time difference between them is three hours. Three hours is one-eighth of a day, and a day is the time it takes the planet to complete one rotation, so its circumference must be eight times 3000 0r 24000 miles. This answer differs from the true value, 24,902. 45 miles, by less than four percent.
Ultimately the value of dealing with everyday problems the way Fermi did lies in the rewards of making independent discoveries and inventions. It doesn＇t matter whether the discovery is as important as determining the power of an atom or as small as measuring the distance between New York and Los Angeles. Looking up the answer, or letting someone else find it deprives you of the pleasure and pride that accompany creativity, and deprives you of an experience that builds up self-confide. Thus, approaching personal dilemmas as Fermi problems can become a habit that enriches your life.
Fermi＇s team was impressed by Fermi＇s announcement in the base camp because he could even work out the power of the atom bomb in his mind.
【單選題】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

正確答案:A

答案解析:答案的依據是第1段第3句話：在作了一番心算以后，得出了該原子彈具有相當于10，000噸TNT的爆炸力的結論。

3、African wild dog
Finding a babysitter while you go out to work is, for example, an inconvenience. For the African wild dog, one of the continent＇s most endangered carnivores （食肉動物), it＇s a matter of life and death. A new research shows that once packs (獸群) fall below a certain size, they are not enough animals to both hunt food and stay at home protecting the young.
The African wild dog has declined drastically over the past century. Habitual loss (棲息地的喪失), persecution and unexplained outbreaks of disease have all been blamed. Only 3, 000 to5,000 animals remain, and the species is expected to go extinct within decades if the trend continues.
Other large carnivores such as the spotted hyena (鬣狗) face similar pressures, yet are not declining. Now Franck Courchamp of Cambridge University has found a reason why. The dog＇s weakness lies in its social organization.
Within each pack of up to 20 adults and pups, only the dominant male and female breed. The remaining animals help raise the pups, cooperating to hunt prey and defend the kill from other carnivores.
Because pups can＇t keep up on a hunt, large packs leave an adult behind to protect them from predators (捕獵者), which include lions and hyenas. But leaving a babysitter also carries costs. A smaller hunting party is less able to tackle large prey and to defend the kill. There is also one less stomach in which to carry food back to the den, and one more mouth to feed when they get there.
Courchamp investigated this awkward trade-off (權衡) by modeling how the costs of a babysitter change with decreasing pack size. This showed that packs of more than five adults should be able to feed all the pups and still spare a babysitter. But with smaller packs, either the hunting or the babysitting suffers, or the animals have to compensate by increasing the number of hunting excursions which itself carries a cost to the pack.
Field observations in Zimbabwe supported the model. Packs of five animals or fewer left pups unguarded more frequently than larger packs did. There was also evidence that when they did leave a babysitter, they were forced to hunt more often.
A pack which drops below a critical size becomes caught in a vicious circle (惡性循環), says Courchamp, who is now at Paris-Sud University. "Poor reproduction and low survival further reduces pack size, culminating in (最終造成) failure of the whole pack. " And deaths caused by human activity, says Courchamp, may be what reduce pack numbers to below the sustamable threshold. Mammal ecologist Chris Carbone at London＇s Institute of Zoology agrees. Maintaining the integrity of wild dog packs will be vitalin preserving the species, he says.
The spotted hyena is on the verge of extinction.
【單選題】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

正確答案:B

答案解析:選B的依據是文章第3段第1句。可見，本題說的跟文章說的不符，所以題干的說法是錯誤的。

4、Preparations for Interview
The first thing you have to prepare for a job interview is to write your resume. Most of all, the resume should emphasize all the related experience you have had. The resume should be clear and you should keep in mind that the person reading it will probably be reading many other resumes. The best thing you can do is to . make it obvious why you can do the job better than anybody else. Your resume should be neat and if possible , typed, the biggest advantage of a typed resume is that it is easy to read.
Once you have organized your resume, check your closet. Special attention should be allowed to what you will wear for the interview. You don＇t want to be dressed up as if you were going to a party, but you also don＇t want to be over-dressed. You should consider setting your hair trimmed before the interview. Remember that neatness ______. You should be neat in your appearance as well as in resume.
Finally, you must keep in mind that employers do not like people to smoke or chew gum during an interview. The basic reason for this may be that you appear too relaxed. Remember you are not visiting a friend; you are trying to get a job. If you follow all of the above advice, you have a good chance of getting the job you desire.
【單選題】

A.counts

B.sounds

C.goes

D.functions

正確答案:A

答案解析:counts此處為動詞，意思是“有用、有價值”。

5、Woman work
Though some people have suggested that women should return to housework in order to leave more jobs for men, the idea has been rejected by both women and men in public opinion polls.
Lately some union officials have suggested that too many women are employed in types of work more suitable for men and that women should step aside to make way for unemployed young men. They argue that women, especially women in their childbearing years,
actually delay economic development and result in productivity, poor quality and inefficiency.
To solve the problem, they suggested that working women stay at home while their husbands or brothers were given double wages. They argue that under these circumstances, families would remain their same level of income, and women could run the house and raise children much better,
The suggestion, ____ , has been flatly rejected by 9 0ut of 10 people polled .
Some other people have suggested another way called "phased employment" theory. The theory suggests that a woman worker take leave from her job when she is seven months pregnant and stay off the job until her baby reaches the age of 3. It suggested that women on leave receive 75 percent of their normal salary and be allowed to return to work after the three-year period. This will benefit children, women, their families and the society and it definitely seems to be more acceptable than the suggestion that women return to their homes forever.
【單選題】

A.therefore

B.moreover

C.however

D.thus

正確答案:C

答案解析:根據上下文，這個建議遭到90%的人反對，這和前文之間是“反向”的關系，因此選 C。而其他三項都是“正向、順承”的關系，因而排除。

6、Money or Friendship or Both
1. Friends and money don＇t mix. It＇s a dangerous combination since a fight over money is one of the fastest ways to end a friendship. But what if a friend asks you to tend him or her some money? If you don＇t lend your friend the money, you risk losing the friend. If you do lend your friend the money, you risk losing both the friendship and your money.
2. We have to face facts, so here are some situations you might run across with your buddies (伙伴) and some helpful tips (忠告) on how to deal with them. Thinking about why this person needs to borrow in the first place. If he is always living beyond his means, it is his fault, not yours. Any Sensible person would not put himself in a position of debt so often. So simply say "no" to this friend. Even if your friend really needs that money for emergency use and you are willing to help him, before you dive into your pocket, follow this reality check: Do you have the extra money? Are you sure you don＇t need it? Are you willing to write off that amount if it＇s not returned? If your answers are negative, do yourself a favor and say "no".
3. Let＇s assume you can＇t stand saying "no" to your friend because you don＇t want him living off cat food. What do you do? Write down these details on a sheet of paper before opening up your wallet:
Amount of the loan.
Date of the loan.
Time of repayment.
Amount of interest (if any).
Lender＇s and borrower＇s signature.
This will at least keep the borrower from forgetting the loan so easily, If your friend＇s loan is past due, it＇s important that you ask him－and it＇s actually not rude. The longer you wait, the more you are brood (憂傷), and the more your resentment builds.
4. You can send him a friendly reminder via E - mail. Tell him something like "I＇m going over my bank account and I＇m just wondering when we＇ll be able to settle that money thing." E - mail saves you from an uncomfortable face - to - face confrontation. There is almost no chance of turning a bad reaction into an argument. Unlike a public conversation, an E - mail message will always be private.
5. After asking two or three times, you might have to write it off. That＇s what happens. If he just doesn＇t have the money or is unwilling, then what kind of friend is that?
If your friend refuses to return the money ____.
【單選題】

A.you can remind your friend of it via E - mail

B.you can lend more money to him or her

C.you must get to know why he or she needs that money

D.if you should lend money to your friend

E.you can call the police to settle the issue

F.there is no need to maintain a friendly relation with him or her

正確答案:F

答案解析:本題難度也不大，答案依據不難找到。答案依據在最后一段。最后一段這一句，after asking two or three times, you might have to write it off and the friendship with it，談到在兩三次要賬未成后，就可以結束友誼了，回來看選項，F項符合文章句意，是答案。

7、The State of Marriage Today
Is there something seriously wrong with marriage today? During the past 50 years, the rate of divorce in the United States has exploded: almost 50% of marriages end in divorce now, and the evidence suggests it is going to get worse. If this trend continues, it will lead to the breakup of the family, according to a spokesperson for the National Family Association. Some futurists predict that in 100 years, the average American will marry at least four times, and extramarital (婚外的) affairs will be even more common than now.
But what are the reasons for this, and is the picture really so gloomy (明暗的)? The answer to the first question is really quite simple: marriage is no longer the necessity it once was. The institution of marriage has been based for years partly on economic need. Women used to be economically dependent on their husbands－as they usually didn＇t have jobs outside the home. But with the rising number of women in well－paying jobs, this is no longer the case, So they don＇t feel that they need to stay in a failing marriage.
In answer to the second question, the outlook may not be as pessimistic (悲觀的) as it seems. While the rate of divorce has risen, the rate of couples marrying has never actually fallen very much, so marriage is still quite popular. In addition to this, many couples now simply live together and don＇t bother to marry. These couples are effectively married, but they do not appear in either the marriage or divorce statistics. In fact, more than 50% of first marriages survive.
So is marriage really an outdated institution? The fact that most people still get married indicates that it isn＇t. And it is also true that married couples have a healthier life than single people: they suffer less from stress and its consequences, such as heart problems, and married men generally consider themselves more contented than their single counterparts. Perhaps the key is to find out what makes a successful marriage and apply it to all of our relationships!
Which of the following is true about the marriage in the United States today? ____【單選題】

A.Divorce leads to the breakup of the family.

B.More than half of the married couples get divorced.

C.American people marry more than four times.

D.More and more people are getting divorced.

正確答案:D

答案解析:本題有一定難度，干擾項干擾較大，B的干擾最大，但是原文提到的是almost 50% of marriages end in divorce now，所以B項里，more than half，夸大了原意，所以正確答案應該是D。

8、The State of Marriage Today
Is there something seriously wrong with marriage today? During the past 50 years, the rate of divorce in the United States has exploded: almost 50% of marriages end in divorce now, and the evidence suggests it is going to get worse. If this trend continues, it will lead to the breakup of the family, according to a spokesperson for the National Family Association. Some futurists predict that in 100 years, the average American will marry at least four times, and extramarital (婚外的) affairs will be even more common than now.
But what are the reasons for this, and is the picture really so gloomy (明暗的)? The answer to the first question is really quite simple: marriage is no longer the necessity it once was. The institution of marriage has been based for years partly on economic need. Women used to be economically dependent on their husbands－as they usually didn＇t have jobs outside the home. But with the rising number of women in well－paying jobs, this is no longer the case, So they don＇t feel that they need to stay in a failing marriage.
In answer to the second question, the outlook may not be as pessimistic (悲觀的) as it seems. While the rate of divorce has risen, the rate of couples marrying has never actually fallen very much, so marriage is still quite popular. In addition to this, many couples now simply live together and don＇t bother to marry. These couples are effectively married, but they do not appear in either the marriage or divorce statistics. In fact, more than 50% of first marriages survive.
So is marriage really an outdated institution? The fact that most people still get married indicates that it isn＇t. And it is also true that married couples have a healthier life than single people: they suffer less from stress and its consequences, such as heart problems, and married men generally consider themselves more contented than their single counterparts. Perhaps the key is to find out what makes a successful marriage and apply it to all of our relationships!
Why is the outlook of marriage not as hopeless as it appears? ____【單選題】

A. Many people still like to get married.

B.The rate of divorce has actually decreased.

C.Over 60% of the marriages continue to exist.

D.The statistics of divorce is reliable.

正確答案:A

答案解析:本題難度也不大，正確答案正好是選項A，所以看到A的信息提示，然后馬上回到原文驗證，可以找到答案依據是文章第三段第二句后半部分：…so marriage is still quite popular.

9、Intelligent Machines
1. Medical scientists are already putting computer chips (芯片) directly into the brain to help people who have Parkinson＇s disease, but in what other ways might computer technology be able to help us? Ray Kurzweil is author of the successful book The Age of Intelligent Machines and is one of the world＇s best computer research scientists. He is researching the possibilities.
2. Kurzweil gets computers to recognize voices. An example of this is Ramona; the virtual (虛擬的) hostess of Kurzweil＇s homepage, who is programmed to understand what you say. Visitors to the site can have their conversations with her, and Ramona also dances and sings.
3. Kurzweil uses this technology to help people with physical disabilities. One of his ideas is a "seeing machine". This will be "like a friend that could describe what is going on in the visible world", he explains. Blind people will use a visual sensor (探測器) which will probably be built into a pair of sunglasses. This sensor will describe to the person everything it sees.
4. Another idea, which is likely to help deaf people, is the "listening machine". This invention will recognize millions of words and understand any speaker. The listening machine will also be able to trans late into other languages, so even people without hearing problems are likely to be interested in using it.
5. But it is not just about helping people with disabilities. Looking further into the future, Kurzweil sees a time when we will be able to download our entire consciousness onto a computer. This technology probably won＇t be ready for at least 50 years, but when it arrives, it means our minds will be able to live forever.
Paragraph 5 ____【單選題】

A.A new pair of eyes

B.Computers that can communicate

C.Everlasting consciousness on a computer

D.Time to break off a friendship

E.An author and researcher

F.A new pair of ears

正確答案:C

答案解析:本題有一定難度，沒有明顯的主旨句。但第五段中間的關鍵詞匯consciousness onto a computer，選項有近義解釋。本段主要是暢想未來，談論人類的整個意識系統可能會被植入到電腦里面，這樣就意味著人類思想可永遠留存。C項Everlasting consciousness on a computer，“在電腦里永遠留存的意識”，可以概括本段內容，答案是C。

10、Life at Aichi University
I＇m Yamamoto Mika, a 22 years old Japanese girl. I＇d like to invite you to Aichi University so you can understand my life.
Our university has a close relationship with China and my department is the only one of its kind in Japan. My courses include the Chinese language, modern Chinese politics and economics. I love Chinese culture and I have been to Tianjin as an exchange student.
In Japan, our courses are divided into compulsory, optional and specialized courses. However, we have a flexible schedule. We can choose classes from a wide range of options.
Many students finish the compulsory courses in three years so that they can have one year without any classes. They often use this period of time to study abroad, conduct research and travel. Many students even suspend their study for additional study - abroad opportunities,
Japanese universities encourage students to choose their own ways of study, so it is quite easy for us to apply for study suspension.
Japanese students participate in various kinds of extracurricular (課外的) activities. They attend clubs from elementary schools, so many students have already been accustomed to clubs when they enter university.
Our university now has 42 art clubs and 45 sports clubs. The annual University Festival is the grandest carnival (狂歡節) of Japanese universities. In the festival, students promote their clubs and organize various activities. Our university＇s festival attracted about 150,000 people last year. I really like this festival.
When we promote our clubs, we cook "tonnjiru", a kind of pork soup, and sell it to other students at the fair.
We also go to different places to interview celebrities (名人) who attend our festival as guests. It is a wonderful experience to talk to those stars face to face.
Japanese students like to hold parties. We have two kinds of parties. One is the Mochivori party. If you want to attend this party you have to cook something and take it to the party. The organizer buys drinks and snacks.
The other kind of party is the Nomikai, which mainly involves alcohol. We drink something called chu - hai, which is a combination of soda and wine. We also drink Japanese sake (日本米酒) and beer. There are parties for many occasions, like welcoming new students, celebrating victories and birthday parties or just for promoting friendship.
What is the requirement for attending the Mochiyori party? ____【單選題】

A.You have to interview celebrities.

B.You have to buy drinks and snacks.

C.You have to take to it a course you have cooked.

D.You have to get permission from the organizer.

正確答案:C

答案解析:本題難度不大，答案出處比較明顯。帶著題干信息到文章定位，認真閱讀文章倒數第二段，這一段談到，“如果想參加Mochiyori party，必須做一道菜，帶到聚會上”，所以答案是C。