下載億題庫APP
聯系電話:400-660-1360
請謹慎保管和記憶你的密碼,以免泄露和丟失
請謹慎保管和記憶你的密碼,以免泄露和丟失
小伙伴們,托業考試大家復習的怎么樣了呢?下面是幫考網分享的一些托業考試聽力部分的復習資料,一起來看看吧!
考古中的relative dating和absolute dating:
Dating Methods in Archaeology
If there is one fundamental issue on which most archaeologists can generally agree, it is the importance of chronology in studying the past. Although one of the most important contributions that archaeology can make is the study of cultures over long time spans, control of the time dimension is crucial in almost all kinds of archaeological research. In studying the archaeological record, the archaeologist needs to differentiate those materials that are contemporary and those that reflect the passage of time. Given the importance of establishing the temporal relationships of archaeological remains, it is not surprising that until the introduction of dating techniques from the physical sciences (e.g., chemistry and nuclear physics), issues of chronology dominated archaeology. Archaeologists can now access a wide variety of techniques to estimate the age of archaeological remains, and can now turn their attention to issues other than chronology.
The dating methods used by archaeologists vary considerably in precision and the nature of the material actually dated. Age determinations for archaeological materials may be direct or indirect. Direct dates are derived from the actual artifact, feature or ecofact to determine the age of the material. Indirect dates are based on material associated with the archaeological item of interest. For example, ash in an ancient hearth can be dated by the radiocarbon dating method (discussed below) and other material, such as pottery, stone tools, and fragments of animal bone associated with the hearth, can then be indirectly assigned the same age. This assignment, however, assumes that there is sufficient evidence indicating that both the hearth and the artifacts reflect the same contemporaneous event, thus allowing the extension of the direct date to the other related material.
Dates may be relative or absolute in their scale of measurement. Relative dating simply orders remains into a ranked chronological sequence, where the age of each is relative (i.e., earlier than later than, or contemporary) to the others. The preliminary steps in most archaeological research usually employ relative dating methods to order artifacts, features and sites into temporal sequences. Absolute dating provides a specific calendar age estimate (e.g., 1000 years ago), thus allowing determination of the actual amount of time difference between absolute dates. Although absolute dates provide a calendar age, they vary in their precision, as many have an uncertainty factor attached that indicates a range of time rather than a specific date.
Although dating methods are used to determine the age of objects and events, these dates are ordered to establish a chronology that provides a temporal framework in which the archaeological material can be placed. This chronology-building process is the foundation for archaeological studies. In this chapter, we examine some of the major techniques that have been developed to date the archaeological past and material from the archaeological record.
好了,以上就是今天分享的全部內容了,各位小伙伴根據自己的情況進行查閱,希望本文對各位有所幫助,預祝各位取得滿意的成績,如需了解更多相關內容,請關注幫考網!
新托業考試的聽力和閱讀部分在中國什么時候開始實施?:新托業聽力和閱讀考試將于2007年11月25日在中國開始實施。
托業聽力與閱讀考試結束后什么時候能查成績?:托業聽力與閱讀考試結束后什么時候能查成績?在公開考試結束后2周,考生即可以在線查詢考試成績,考試結束4周后,托業考試中國管理中心將向考生郵寄成績證書。
托業考試聽力可不可以提前看題?:托業考試聽力可不可以提前看題?首先,有一些書上教的聽力時間策略是針對正??荚嚨?,可是現在托業已經實施機考的,所以他教的時間安排策略沒有用了已經。聽力考試全程都是機器控制的,你只能點選項,其余的都操作不了。
2020-05-19
2020-05-19
2020-05-19
2020-05-18
2020-05-18
微信掃碼關注公眾號
獲取更多考試熱門資料